Fault detection is a research area focused on the development of methods and techniques for identifying abnormalities or faults in systems or processes. The goal of fault detection is to quickly and accurately detect deviations from normal operation in order to prevent failures, minimize downtime, and improve system reliability. Fault detection techniques can range from simple threshold-based methods to more complex statistical analysis, machine learning algorithms, and artificial intelligence approaches. This area of research is commonly applied in various industries such as manufacturing, energy, transportation, and healthcare to ensure the safe and reliable operation of critical systems.